Following the success of using de-frocked priests to transport infantry during Operation Totalise, the British set about converting Shermans and Canadian RAM tanks - which were based on the Sherman to act as Armoured Personnel Carriers. These were effectively stripped down tanks with the turrets removed with room for up to 11 infantry and 2 crew allowing them top be transported with less casualties than the walking PBI. RAM II Kangaroos saw service throughout NW Europe between 1944 and 1945.